attention package on CRAN
The attention R package, describing how to implement from scratch the attention mechanism - which forms the basis of transformers - in the R language is now available on CRAN.
A key example of the results that were achieved using (much larger and more complex forms of) transformers is the change from AlphaFold (1) (which relied primarily on LSTM) to AlphaFold2 (which is primarily based on transformers). This change pushed the results in the protein folding competition CASP-14 to a level of accuracy that made the protein structure prediction accurate enough for practical purposes. A major scientific breakthrough, the impact of which can barely overstated.
The role of the attention mechanism here is key. The 3D structures of protein can be such that they “fold back onto themselves”, this means that the amino acids that constitute the protein, can be spaced far apart in the sequence, but nevertheless be spatially in close proximity, and hence interact with each other. LSTM has a limited ability to model this, whereas the attention algorithm, does not have a limit on how far sequentially apart elements can be in order to interact with each other.
The attention package can be installed simply from within R by running:
install.packages('attention')
It does not have any dependencies, C++, Fortran, Java, or any other type of complexities. It is written purely in base R, so it should install without any issue on any R version.
Following installation, you can load the package using:
library(attention)
The package contains two HTML vignettes: simple_attention and complete_attention. Both vignettes implement the attention algorithm identically. However, simple_attention uses a number of helper functions included in the attention package, in order to present the algorithm in an accessible form. The complete_attention vignette does not use any helper functions, and simply uses base R functions.
The suggested way to work through this is to start with simple_attention, which you can load using:
vignette('simple_attention')
After having worked through the vignette, you can then dive a bit deeper into the same example with complete_attention using:
vignette('complete_attention')
Development takes place on GitHub:
https://github.com/bquast/attention
Development
Development takes place on GitHub:
The development version, to be used at your peril, can be installed from GitHub using the remotes package:
if (!require('remotes')) install.packages('remotes')
remotes::install_github('bquast/attention')
Bugs
You can also file any bugs reports there:
https://github.com/bquast/attention/issues
The code is based to a large extent on last week’s post: Self-Attention from Scratch in R.